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| 1696 |
| | Fort St William is built by the East India Company in the Ganges delta, and subsequently develops into Calcutta | |
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| 1697 |
| | The Russian tsar, Peter I, studies western European technology, working as a ship's carpenter in Dutch and English shipyards | |
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| 1697 |
| | In his opera La Caduta de' Decemviri, Alessandro Scarlatti introduces a new form of prelude, later known as the Italian overture, which is an important stage in the development of the symphony | |
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| 1697 |
| | In the Treaty of Rijswijk, Spain cedes the western half of Hispaniola to France, which names its new colony Saint-Domingue | |
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| 1698 |
| | A fleet from Oman evicts the Portuguese from Mombasa and Zanzibar | |
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| 1698 |
| | Thomas Savery creates the first practical steam engine, designed to pump water out of mines | |
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| 1698 |
| | A maker of harpsichords in Florence, Bartolomeo Cristofori, develops the piano ('soft') and forte ('loud') feature which leads to the piano | |
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| 1698 |
| | Scotland makes a disastrous attempt to establish a colony in Darien, on the isthmus of Panama | |
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| 1698 |
| | Peter the Great makes a symbolic gesture of reform in trimming his boyars' beards | |
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| 1699 |
| | The tenth Sikh guru, Gobind Rai, commits his people to the five Ks, which become the outward signs of their group identity | |
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